the handbook of pidgin and creole studies

Lingua francas are often pre-existing languages with native speakers, but they can also be pidgin or creole languages developed for that specific region or context. But lingua franca is equally applicable to a non-creole language native to one nation (often a colonial power) learned as a second language and used for communication between diverse language communities in a colony or former colony. Pidgins are therefore lingua francas creoles and arguably mixed languages may similarly be used for communication between language groups. Lingua franca is a functional term, independent of any linguistic history or language structure. Characteristics Īny language regularly used for communication between people who do not share a native language is a lingua franca. A world language-a language spoken internationally and by many people-is a language that may function as a global lingua franca. The term is taken from the medieval Mediterranean Lingua Franca, a Romance-based pidgin language used especially by traders in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th centuries.

Lingua francas have developed around the world throughout human history, sometimes for commercial reasons (so-called 'trade languages' facilitated trade), but also for cultural, religious, diplomatic and administrative convenience, and as a means of exchanging information between scientists and other scholars of different nationalities. 'Frankish tongue' for plurals see § Usage notes), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.

A lingua franca ( / ˌ l ɪ ŋ ɡ w ə ˈ f r æ ŋ k ə/ lit.

The handbook of pidgin and creole studies